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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20210119T100000
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DTSTAMP:20260518T105446
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SUMMARY:Developmental Systems Biology Faculty Search - MCDB | QCBio | BSCRC Seminar: Akankshi Munjal\, PhD\, Harvard Medical School\, Boston\, MA
DESCRIPTION:TITLE: “Building an integrated framework for tissue morphogenesis with the zebrafish inner ear” \nABSTRACT: How simple tissues give rise to geometrically complex organs with robust shapes and functions is a fundamental question in biology with important implications in disease and translational medicine. The current mechanistic framework explains how upstream genetic and biochemical information pattern cellular mechanics and thereby tissue dynamics. In this framework\, the main driving force is cell-intrinsic and generated by actomyosin contractility. The extracellular matrix (ECM) that surrounds most cells is considered to be a passive mechanical scaffold that may shape these forces through differential stiffness. I will present a case which inverts this expectation. Zebrafish semicircular canals form from invaginations in the otic epithelium (buds) that extend and fuse to form the hubs of each canal. We find that conventional actomyosin-driven behaviors are not required. Instead\, local secretion of hyaluronan\, made by the enzymes ugdh and has3\, drives canal morphogenesis. Charged hyaluronate polymers osmotically swell with water and generate isotropic extracellular pressure to deform the overlying epithelium into buds. The mechanical anisotropy needed to shape buds into tubes is conferred by a polarized distribution of cellular protrusions\, linked between cells\, that we term cytocinches. Hyaluronate-pressure shaped by anisotropic tissue stiffness may be a widespread mechanism for powering morphological change in organogenesis and tissue engineering. In my independent research program\, I will use the zebrafish inner development to investigate emerging behaviors in tissue morphogenesis as a result of under-explored players such as the mechano-chemical roles of the ECM\, feedback interactions between patterning and morphogenesis\, and the contribution of tissue geometry in determining robust organ shape. My long-term vision to build an integrated framework for tissue morphogenesis encapsulating generalizable design principles through a description of how multi-scale interactions and feedback give rise to information and mechanics\, and to use insights from fundamental research to advance translational medicine. 
URL:https://qcb.ucla.edu/event/developmental-systems-biology-faculty-search-mcdb-qcbio-bscrc-seminar-akankshi-munjal-phd-harvard-medical-school-boston-ma/
LOCATION:ZOOM\, CA\, United States
CATEGORIES:Research Seminars
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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20210119T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20210119T130000
DTSTAMP:20260518T105446
CREATED:20210114T191740Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20210114T194118Z
UID:15888-1611057600-1611061200@qcb.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Developmental Systems Biology Faculty Search - MCDB | QCBio | BSCRC Seminar: Charlene Guillot (Ryan)\, PhD\, Harvard Medical School\, Boston\, MA
DESCRIPTION:TITLE: “Understanding how environmental cues regulate Neuro-Mesodermal progenitor cells in development and disease” \nABSTRACT: The trunk and tail of vertebrates arise from the addition of mesodermal (i.e.\, muscle and vertebrae) and neural (i.e.\, spinal cord) cells from the progenitor zone in the tailbud. This developmental program is critical for the proper formation of the posterior body axis and leads to congenital anomalies\, such as Neural Tube Defects (NTDs)\, when not accurately executed. Environmental cues and genetics are both risk factors for NTDs in humans. However\, the exact mechanism by which NTDs arise is unknown. It was only recently that Neuro-mesodermal progenitor (NMP) cells were identified as a population of bi-potent cells forming the mouse’s posterior axis. The identification of this new cell type allows us to revisit the spinal cord and the mesodermal tissue formation\, which is directly relevant for understanding the etiology of NTDs. The study of NTDs is challenging as they are multifactorial and arise during a short time window in early development that is hardly accessible to imaging and perturbation experiments in mouse. Motivated to establish a new framework to study the events leading to NTDs\, I provided the first evidence for the existence of Neuro-Mesodermal progenitor cells in the chicken embryo and developed novel techniques to study NMPs with single-cell resolution. My laboratory will utilize unbiased transcriptomics\, targeted single-cell lineage tracing\, and dynamics imaging to identify novel genes involved in NTDs pathologies and determine how NMPs fail to contribute to the axis when the embryo is environmentally challenged.  \nIt is not often that a critical new cell type is discovered in developmental biology. My laboratory will take advantage of this opportunity to develop an integrative understanding of how environmental cues regulate NMP cells and their lineage. I expect our work will open potential avenues for data-driven prevention of NTDs during pregnancy. 
URL:https://qcb.ucla.edu/event/developmental-systems-biology-faculty-search-mcdb-qcbio-bscrc-seminar-charlene-guillot-ryan-p-h-d/
LOCATION:ZOOM\, CA\, United States
CATEGORIES:Research Seminars
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